1978 Art Commerce American Prints of the Nineteenth Century Boston Museum Fine Arts

Art museum in Massachusetts, U.s. of America

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Museum of Fine Arts main entrance with the Entreatment to the Smashing Spirit statue
Location within Boston Show map of Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Massachusetts) Show map of Massachusetts Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (the United States) Bear witness map of the United states of america
Established	1870 (1870)
Location	465 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115
Coordinates	42°xx′21″N 71°05′39″W  /  42.339167°Northward 71.094167°W  / 42.339167; -71.094167 Coordinates: 42°20′21″N 71°05′39″Westward  /  42.339167°North 71.094167°W  / 42.339167; -71.094167
Type	Art museum
Accreditation	AAM NARM
Visitors	1,249,080 (2019)[ane]
Manager	Matthew Teitelbaum
Architect	Guy Lowell
Public transit access	Green Line (E branch) Museum of Fine Arts  Orange Line Ruggles  Franklin Line Ruggles  Providence/​Stoughton Line Ruggles
Website	mfa.org

The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA) is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest fine art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains eight,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works of art, making it ane of the nearly comprehensive collections in the Americas. With more than 1.2 million visitors a twelvemonth,^[two] information technology is the 52nd–nigh visited art museum in the world equally of 2019^[update].

Founded in 1870 in Copley Square, the museum moved to its electric current Fenway location in 1909. It is affiliated with the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts.

History [edit]

1870–1907 [edit]

The original Museum of Fine Arts building in Copley Square

The Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870 and was initially located on the elevation flooring of the Boston Athenaeum. Most of its initial collection came from the Athenæum'southward Fine art Gallery.^[3] Francis Davis Millet, a local artist, was instrumental in starting the art school affiliated with the museum, and in appointing Emil Otto Grundmann as its start director.^[4] In 1876, the museum moved to a highly ornamented brick Gothic Revival building designed by John Hubbard Sturgis and Charles Brigham, noted for its massed architectural terracotta. Information technology was located in Copley Foursquare at Dartmouth and St. James Streets.^[3] It was built almost entirely of brick and terracotta, which was imported from England, with some stone virtually its base.^[5] After the MFA moved out in 1907, this original edifice was demolished, and the Copley Plaza Hotel (now the Fairmont Copley Plaza) replaced it in 1912.^[six]

1907–2008 [edit]

In 1907, plans were laid to build a new domicile for the museum on Huntington Avenue in Boston'due south Fenway–Kenmore neighborhood, virtually the recently opened Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Museum trustees hired architect Guy Lowell to create a design for a museum that could be congenital in stages, as funding was obtained for each phase. Two years later, the first section of Lowell'due south neoclassical design was completed. It featured a 500-pes (150 m) façade of granite and a yard rotunda. The museum moved to its new location later in 1909.

The 2d phase of construction built a wing along The Fens to house paintings galleries. It was funded entirely by Maria Antoinette Evans Hunt, the wife of wealthy business organization magnate Robert Dawson Evans, and opened in 1915. From 1916 through 1925, the noted creative person John Singer Sargent painted the frescoes that adorn the rotunda and the associated colonnades.

The Decorative Arts Wing was built in 1928, and expanded in 1968. An addition designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates was congenital in 1966–1970, and another expansion by The Architects Collaborative opened in 1976. The Due west Wing, at present the Linde Family unit Wing for Contemporary Art, was designed past I. Thou. Pei and opened in 1981. This wing now houses the museum's buffet, restaurant, coming together rooms, classrooms, and a giftshop/bookstore, equally well every bit large exhibition spaces.

The Tenshin-En Japanese Garden designed by Kinsaku Nakane opened in 1988, and the Norma Jean Calderwood Garden Court and Terrace opened in 1997.^{[vii] [3]}

2008–present [edit]

In the mid-2000s, the museum launched a major effort to renovate and expand its facilities. In a seven-year fundraising campaign between 2001 and 2008 for a new wing, the endowment, and operating expenses, the museum managed to receive over $500 meg, in add-on to acquiring over $160 meg worth of art.^[eight]

During the global fiscal crisis between 2007 and 2012, the museum's almanac budget was trimmed by $1.5 million. The museum increased revenues past organizing traveling exhibitions, which included a loan exhibition sent to the for-profit Bellagio in Las Vegas in exchange for $1 million. In 2011, Moody'southward Investors Service calculated that the museum had over $180 million in outstanding debt. However, the agency cited growing attendance, a large endowment, and positive cash flow every bit reasons to believe that the museum'south finances would go stable in the almost future.

In 2011, the museum put 8 paintings by Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, Gauguin, and others on sale at Sotheby's, bringing in a total of $21.6 million, to pay for Man at His Bath by Gustave Caillebotte at a toll reported to be more $15 million.^[9]

On March 12, 2020, the museum announced that it would close indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All public events and programs were canceled until August 31, 2020. The museum reopened on September 26, 2020.^[10]

Art of the Americas Wing [edit]

The renovation included a new Art of the Americas Wing to feature artwork from North, Due south, and Cardinal America. In 2006, the groundbreaking ceremonies took place. The new wing and adjoining Ruth and Carl J. Shapiro Family Courtyard (a vivid, cavernous interior space) were designed in a restrained, contemporary style by the London-based architectural firm Foster and Partners, under the directorship of Thomas T. Difraia and CBT/Childs Bertman Tseckares Architects. The landscape architecture firm Gustafson Guthrie Nichol redesigned the Huntington Avenue and Fenway entrances, gardens, access roads, and interior courtyards.

The fly opened on November 20, 2010, with free admission to the public. Mayor Thomas Menino alleged it "Museum of Fine Arts Day", and more than thirteen,500 visitors attended the opening. The 12,000-square-human foot (ane,100 mⁱⁱ) glass-enclosed courtyard now features a 42.v-foot (13.0 chiliad) high glass sculpture, titled the Lime Greenish Icicle Tower, past Dale Chihuly.^[11] In 2014, the Art of the Americas Wing was recognized for its loftier architectural accomplishment by the honour of the Harleston Parker Medal, past the Boston Society of Architects.

In 2015, the museum renovated its outdoors Japanese garden, Tenshin-en. The garden, which originally opened in 1988, had been designed by Japanese professor Kinsaku Nakane. The garden's kabukimon-manner archway gate was built by Chris Hall of Massachusetts, using traditional Japanese carpentry techniques.^{[12] [xiii]}

Collection [edit]

The Museum of Fine Arts possesses materials from a broad variety of art movements and cultures. The museum also maintains a large online database with information on over 346,000 items from its collection, accompanied with digitized images. Online search is freely bachelor through the Cyberspace.^[fourteen]

Some highlights of the collection include:

• Aboriginal Egyptian artifacts including sculptures, sarcophagi, and jewelry
• Dutch Gilt Historic period painting, including 113 works given in 2017 by collectors Rose-Marie and Eijk van Otterloo and Susan and Matthew Weatherbie.^[xv] The gift includes works from 76 artists, too as the Haverkamp-Begemann Library, a drove of more than 20,000 books, donated past the van Otterloos. The donors are likewise establishing a dedicated Netherlandish fine art center and scholarly establish at the museum.^[16]
• French impressionist and post-impressionist works by artists such every bit Paul Gauguin, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Cézanne
• 18th- and 19th-century American art, including many works by John Singleton Copley, Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, and Gilbert Stuart
• Chinese painting, calligraphy and imperial Chinese art
• The largest collection of Japanese artworks nether one roof in the world outside Japan
• The Hartley Collection of well-nigh ten,000 British illustrated books, prints and drawings from the late 19th century
• The Rothschild Drove, including over 130 objects from the Austrian branch of the Rothschild family. Donated by Bettina Burr and other heirs^[17]
• The Rockefeller collection of Native American work^[18]
• The Linde Family unit Wing for Contemporary Art includes works by Kathy Butterly, Mona Hatoum, Jenny Holzer, Karen LaMonte, Ken Price, Martin Puryear, Doris Salcedo, and Andy Warhol.^[nineteen]

Japanese art [edit]

The collection of Japanese art at the Museum of Fine Arts is the largest in the globe outside of Nippon. Anne Nishimura Morse, the William and Helen Pounds Senior Curator of Japanese Art, oversees 100,000 full items^[twenty] that include 4,000 Japanese paintings, 5,000 ceramic pieces, and over 30,000 ukiyo-east prints.^{[21] [22]}

The base of this collection was assembled in the late 19th century through the efforts of four men, Ernest Fenollosa, Kakuzo Okakura, William Sturgis Bigelow, and Edward Sylvester Morse, each of whom had spent time in Japan and admired Japanese art.^{[twenty] [23]} Their combined donations account for upward to 75 pct of the current collection.^[20] In 1890, the Museum of Fine Arts became the kickoff museum in the United States to institute a collection and appoint a curator specifically for Japanese fine art.^{[21] [24]}

Another notable role of this drove is a number of Buddhist statues. In the later Meiji era of Japan, around the turn of the 20th century, government policy deemphasizing Buddhism in favor of Shintoism and financial pressures on temples resulted in a number of Buddhist statues being sold to private collectors. Some of these statutes came into the drove of the Museum of Fine Arts.^{[25] [26]} Today, these statues are the subject of preservation and restoration efforts, which take been at times viewable by the public in special exhibits.^{[26] [27]}

Likewise important for this collection is the exhibition of its items in Nihon. From 1999 to 2018, regular commutation of items was conducted betwixt the Museum of Fine Arts and its sister museum, the now-closed Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts.^{[21] [28]} In 2012, the traveling exhibition Japanese Masterpieces from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston visited the Japanese cities of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Fukuoka, and was well received.^{[20] [21] [29]}

Libraries [edit]

The libraries at the Museum of Fine Arts collectively house 320,000 items.^[30] The main branch, the William Morris Hunt Memorial Library, is named subsequently the noted American artist. It is located off-site in Horticultural Hall, two stops away on the MBTA Green Line. The main library is open up to the public, and the catalog can be searched online.^[30]

Exhibitions organized past the library staff in coordination with the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts are opened two to three times per year.^[31]

CAMEO [edit]

The Conservation and Fine art Materials Encyclopedia Online, (CAMEO) is a database that "compiles, defines, and disseminates technical information on the distinct collection of terms, materials, and techniques used in the fields of fine art conservation and historic preservation".^[32] CAMEO uses MediaWiki.^[33]

[edit]

The MFA has gradually been expanding its programs of community outreach to people who have not been traditional visitors, and this tendency accelerated afterwards Matthew Teitelbaum was appointed equally Director in 2015. This expansion has included improved accessibility for visitors who may be visually, audibly, or physically impaired.^[34] Special programming and tours are available for blind, ASL-fluent, cognitively-dumb, autistic, and medically-assisted guests.^[35] In addition, the MFA has welcomed LGBTQ visitors with exhibitions like Gender Bending Fashion (2019), and in spring 2019 information technology installed universally welcoming signage for restrooms.^[36]

Starting in July 2017, the MFA has offered a free one-year family unit membership to all newly naturalized US citizens under its "MFA Citizens" program.^{[37] [38]}

The MFA publicly apologized^[39] in May 2019 subsequently African-American and mixed-race 12- and thirteen-year-sometime visitors were allegedly targeted by employees and told "No nutrient, no potable, and no watermelon", which is considered a racial slur in the Us. A museum spokesperson said that the alert was actually "no water bottles", merely conceded that there was no way of definitively proving what was actually said. Regardless, all museum staff dealing with school groups were to be retrained in interactions with their guests. The MFA also concluded that 2 of its members had been deliberately racist, and permanently banned them from visiting its grounds.^{[40] [41] [42]}

On Oct xiv, 2019, the MFA debuted its newly renamed "Ethnic Peoples' Twenty-four hour period" (formerly "Columbus Day") celebrations, with a focus on Native American art and culture.^[43] The events included special displays related to Cyrus Dallin's 1908 Appeal to the Great Spirit, a popular and sometimes controversial sculpture of a Native American warrior located in front of the Huntington Artery main entrance since 1912. Customs comments and feedback apropos the monumental artwork were solicited and displayed.^[43] Earlier, in March 2019, the MFA had held a special public symposium to talk over the historical background and present-twenty-four hour period significance of the iconic sculpture.^[44]

As of 2020^[update], the MFA offers xi almanac Customs Celebrations, featuring free admission for all visitors, and special events such every bit dance performances, music, tours, craft demonstrations, and hands-on fine art making. This series includes twenty-four hours-long Martin Luther Rex Jr. Mean solar day, Lunar New year, Memorial Day, Highland Street Foundation Complimentary Fun Friday, and Indigenous Peoples' Day celebrations. In improver, on Wed evenings, which are already free from 4pm to 10pm, special celebrations of Nowruz, Juneteenth, Latinx Heritage Nighttime, ASL Night, Diwali, and Hanukkah are featured.^[45]

To commemorate its 150th ceremony, the MFA offered a costless one-year family membership to anyone attended one of its special Community Celebrations or MFA Belatedly Nite programs during 2020. This "First Twelvemonth Free Membership" program was bachelor to anyone who has not previously been a member of the museum.^[46] The 150th twelvemonth exhibitions included major shows and events featuring art by women and minority artists.^{[47] [48] [49]}

In November 2020 a meaning number of MFA employees voted to unionize due to a long history of unaddressed issues related to workplace conditions and compensation inequities.^[l] The workers unionized with the local chapter of the United Auto Workers. After over 96% of the union agreed in a vote, MFA staff went on a strike for the kickoff fourth dimension on Nov 17, 2021. Union representatives cited unresponsive engagement from MFA direction over multiple issues including stagnant wages, job security, and workplace diversity, as the reason for the strike.^[51] The wedlock pointed out that employee wages had been frozen for ii years, and that direction had so far simply offered a 1.75% percent raise over the course of four years. Union representatives contrasted this with MFA manager Matthew Teitelbaum'southward bacon which, clocking in at nearly 1 million USD, was almost 19 times larger than the average MFA worker.^[52]

Highlights [edit]

Amidst the many notable works in the drove, the following examples are in the public domain and have photographs available:

American [edit]

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

European [edit]

• 

• 

  El Greco, Fray Hortensio Félix Paravicino, 1609

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Antiquities [edit]

• 

• 

  King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and queen, 2490–2472 BCE

• 

  Winged Protective Deity, 883–859 BCE

• 

  Goddess Tawaret, 623–595 BCE

• 

  Marine Mosaic, 200–230 CE

Notable people [edit]

Directors [edit]

• Emil Otto Grundmann – kickoff Manager
• Edward Robinson – 2nd Manager
• Arthur Fairbanks – third Director
• George Harold Edgell – fifth Director
• Perry T. Rathbone – 6th Director
• Merrill C. Rueppel – seventh Director
• Jan Fontein – 8th Managing director
• Alan Shestack – ninth Director
• Morton Golden - interim Director 1993-1994
• Malcolm Rogers – tenth Manager
• Matthew Teitelbaum – eleventh Director

Curators [edit]

• Sylvester Rosa Koehler – first Curator of Prints (1887–1900)
• Ernest Fenollosa – Curator of Oriental Art (1890–1896)
• Benjamin Ives Gilman – Curator (1893–1894?); Librarian (1893–1904); Secretary (1894–1925) Banana Director (1901–1903); Temporary Manager (1907)
• Albert Lythgoe – first Curator of Egyptian Art (1902–1906)^[53]
• Okakura Kakuzō – Curator of Oriental Art (1904–1913)
• Fitzroy Carrington – Curator of Prints (1912–1921)
• Ananda Coomaraswamy – Curator of Oriental Art (1917–1933)
• William George Constable – Curator of Paintings (1938–1957)
• Cornelius Clarkson Vermeule Three – Curator of Classical Art (1957–1996)
• Jonathan Leo Fairbanks – Curator of American Decorative Arts and Sculpture (1970–1999)
• Theodore Stebbins – Curator of American Paintings (1977–1999)
• Anne Poulet – Curator of Sculpture and Decorative Arts (1979–1999)

Bulletin [edit]

A bulletin appeared nether diverse titles from 1903 to 1983:^[54]

• 1981–1983: One thousand Bulletin (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)
• 1978–1980: MFA Message
• 1966–1977: Boston Museum Bulletin
• 1926–1965: Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts
• 1903–1925: Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin

Come across also [edit]

• List of near-visited museums in the U.s.a.
• The Alone Palette (art history podcast hosted by MFA lecturer Tamar Avishai)
• Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts (defunct sister institution in Nagoya, Japan)
• Schoolhouse of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts

References [edit]

1. ^ "Company Figures 2016" (PDF). The Art Newspaper Review. Apr 2017. p. fourteen. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
2. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts Almanac Report". Museum of Fine Arts . Retrieved 20 May 2016.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Southworth, Susan & Southworth, Michael (2008). AIA Guide to Boston (3rd ed.). Guilford, Connecticut: World Pequot Printing. pp. 345–47. ISBN978-0-7627-4337-7.
4. ^ Natasha. "John Singer Sargent Virtual Gallery". Jssgallery.org. Retrieved 2012-12-17 .
5. ^ "An announcement was made..." (hathitrust.org). The Brickbuilder. Boston, MA: Rodgers & Manson. viii (12): 237. December 1899. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
6. ^ "Preserving History Chronicles The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Since Its Founding in 1870". artdaily.cc. Royalville Communications, Inc. Retrieved 2020-02-27 .
7. ^ "Architectural History - Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 2010-x-xi. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
8. ^ Dobrzynski, Judith H. (10 November 2010). "Boston Museum Grows by Casting a Wide Internet". The New York Times . Retrieved xiv May 2016.
9. ^ Judith H. Dobrzynski (March xiv, 2012), "How an Acquisition Fund Burnishes Reputations". The New York Times.
10. ^ "MFA Boston Will Reopen September 26 with Art of the Americas Galleries, "Women Take the Floor" and "Black Histories, Black Futures"". MFA. September 9, 2020.
11. ^ "Lime Green Icicle Tower". Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
12. ^ "Japanese Garden, Tenshin-en". Boston Museum of Fine Arts. 2015-03-13. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
13. ^ Takes, Joanna Werch (Jan twenty, 2015). "Chris Hall: A (Japanese-Inspired) Timber Framing Philosophy for Furniture". Woodworker'southward Journal . Retrieved sixteen August 2015.
14. ^ "Advanced Search Objects – Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
15. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, to Receive Landmark Gifts of Dutch and Flemish Fine art Including Rembrandt Portrait and Other Golden Age Masterpieces". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved 2017-10-12 .
16. ^ Massive gift of Dutch art is a insurrection for MFA - The Boston Globe
17. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Announces Major Souvenir from Rothschild Heirs, Including Family Treasures Recovered from Austria after WWII." Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
18. ^ "Acquisitions of the month: October 2018". Apollo Magazine. 2018-xi-09.
19. ^ "Gimmicky Art". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-18 .
20. ^ ^{a b c d} "Spotlight on panelist Dr. Anne Nishimura Morse, curator of Japanese fine art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". Conference on Cultural and Educational Interchange (CULCON). 2012-08-17. Retrieved 2020-07-07 .
21. ^ ^{a b c d} "Art of Japan Collection and History of Cultural Substitution". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-07-08 .
22. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts Boston: Japanese Collections". North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resource . Retrieved 2020-07-08 .
23. ^ Adamson, Glenn (2020-06-13). "The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston turns 150". Apollo Magazine . Retrieved 2020-07-07 .
24. ^ Khvan, Olga (2015-04-03). "2 New Exhibits Tell Story of Japanese Art at MFA Boston". Boston Mag . Retrieved 2020-07-08 .
25. ^ Hintermeister, Henry (2018-02-xx). "An Art History". The Tufts Observer . Retrieved 2020-07-08 .
26. ^ ^{a b} Billman, Ty (2020-06-12). "A Critical Moment for Japanese Art Curation". Kyoto Journal . Retrieved 2020-07-07 .
27. ^ "Conservation in Activeness: Japanese Buddhist Sculpture in a New Lite". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-07-08 .
28. ^ "'In Pursuit of Happiness: Favorite Works from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". The Nihon Times . Retrieved 2018-ten-08 .
29. ^ "Japanese Masterpieces from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". Tokyo National Museum . Retrieved 2020-07-08 .
30. ^ ^{a b} "MFA Library: William Morris Chase Memorial Library: Home". library.mfa.org. Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Retrieved 2020-02-29 .
31. ^ "MFA Library: William Morris Hunt Memorial Library: Exhibitions". library.mfa.org. Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Retrieved 2020-02-29 .
32. ^ "Nigh CAMEO". CAMEO: Conservation and Fine art Materials Encyclopedia Online. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
33. ^ "MediaWiki API aid". CAMEO. cameo.mfa.org. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
34. ^ "Accessibility". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
35. ^ "Access Programs". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-xix .
36. ^ "Tips for Visitors". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
37. ^ "MFA Citizens". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-xix .
38. ^ McCambridge, Ruth (15 May 2018). "Boston'southward Museum of Fine Arts Hosts a New and Perfect Kind of Event". Nonprofit Quarterly . Retrieved 2020-03-08 .
39. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Announces Steps to Address Results of Investigation into Davis Leadership Academy Group Visit on May sixteen, 2019". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
40. ^ Sini, Rozina (May 25, 2019). "Boston museum sorry for racist 'no watermelons' remark". BBC News . Retrieved May 25, 2019.
41. ^ Garcia, Maria (May 24, 2019). "MFA Bans 2 Patrons Subsequently Students of Color Say They Were Subjected to Racist Comments". WBUR . Retrieved May 28, 2019.
42. ^ Farzan, Antonia Noori (May 24, 2019). "Black students on a field trip said they were told 'no food, no drink, no watermelon.' Now the museum is apologizing". Washington Mail service . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
43. ^ ^{a b} "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Honors Ethnic Peoples' Day with Launch Of Gratuitous Customs Celebration That Places Native American Voices at the Forefront". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
44. ^ "Dallin experts discuss sculptor'southward work, 'Appeal to the Cracking Spirit'". The Arlington Advocate. March 12, 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
45. ^ "Customs Celebrations". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Archived from the original on 2020-04-25. Retrieved 2021-04-29 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
46. ^ "Showtime Year Free Membership". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
47. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston's 150th Anniversary Honors the Past and Reimagines the Future". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
48. ^ Shut, Cynthia (Dec 27, 2019). "MFA, Boston Turns 150: Here's How They're Celebrating". Art & Object . Retrieved 2020-03-08 .
49. ^ Chew, Hannah T. (Oct i, 2019). "MFA's 150th Anniversary to Honor the Past and Reimagine the Future". The Harvard Crimson . Retrieved 2020-03-08 .
50. ^ "In a Landslide Decision, Workers at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston Become the Latest Major American Museum Staff to Unionize". 23 November 2020.
51. ^ Lonas, Lexi (2021-11-12). "Workers at Boston Museum of Fine Arts vote to agree one-day strike". The Hill. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
52. ^ Levin, Annie (2021-eleven-17). "MFA Boston Staff Hold I-Day Strike for a Fair Contract". Observer. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
53. ^ Bierbrier, Morris Fifty (2012). Who Was Who in Egyptology, 4th edition. Arab republic of egypt Exploration Society. p. 244. ISBN978-0856982071.
54. ^ "Museum of Fine Arts Message on JSTOR". JSTOR / Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved October 8, 2017.

External links [edit]

• Official site

baldwinextesed02.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston

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